An Evaluation of Nurses' Knowledge and Adherence to Isolation Precautions for Communicable Diseases at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Isolation precautions are critical infection control measures used to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases, particularly in hospital settings where patients with contagious conditions are treated. These precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning, are essential to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Healthcare-associated infections remain a significant public health challenge, contributing to morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2023).
The outbreak of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, tuberculosis, and Ebola, has heightened the need for robust infection control protocols and rigorous adherence to isolation precautions. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of proper isolation procedures to protect both healthcare workers and patients from the spread of infectious diseases (WHO, 2024). Nurses play a pivotal role in the implementation of these precautions, as they are often the frontline caregivers in hospitals and are involved in direct patient care.
Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), located in Lagos, Nigeria, serves as one of the primary healthcare facilities in the region. It provides specialized care for patients with various communicable diseases. Nurses at LASUTH are expected to adhere to isolation protocols designed to prevent the spread of infections. However, despite the critical role of nurses in infection control, studies have suggested that gaps in knowledge and inconsistent adherence to isolation precautions are prevalent in many healthcare settings (Eze et al., 2023). Understanding the level of knowledge and adherence to isolation precautions among nurses at LASUTH is essential to identifying areas that need improvement and enhancing patient safety and infection control measures.
Statement of the Problem
Inadequate knowledge and non-adherence to isolation precautions can significantly increase the risk of communicable diseases spreading within healthcare settings. At LASUTH, there is a concern that nurses may not consistently follow isolation protocols due to insufficient training, lack of resources, or misunderstanding of the guidelines. This could lead to the transmission of infections, affecting both patients and healthcare workers. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate the knowledge and adherence of nurses at LASUTH to isolation precautions for communicable diseases.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of knowledge of nurses at LASUTH regarding isolation precautions for communicable diseases.
- To evaluate the adherence of nurses at LASUTH to isolation precautions for communicable diseases.
- To identify factors influencing nurses' knowledge and adherence to isolation precautions at LASUTH.
Research Questions
- What is the level of knowledge of nurses at LASUTH regarding isolation precautions for communicable diseases?
- To what extent do nurses at LASUTH adhere to isolation precautions for communicable diseases?
- What factors influence nurses' knowledge and adherence to isolation precautions at LASUTH?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses who have received specific training on isolation precautions are more knowledgeable and adhere better to isolation protocols than those who have not received such training.
- There is a significant relationship between nurses' knowledge of isolation precautions and their adherence to these protocols at LASUTH.
- Organizational factors, such as staffing levels and availability of resources, significantly affect nurses' adherence to isolation precautions at LASUTH.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on nurses working in the infection control, emergency, and infectious disease units at LASUTH, as these are the departments most involved in the management of communicable diseases. The study will not include nurses from non-clinical departments.
A limitation of the study is the potential for response bias in the self-reported data on adherence to isolation precautions. Additionally, the study may not be generalizable to other healthcare settings with different infection control policies.
Definitions of Terms
- Isolation precautions: Infection control measures designed to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, including the use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and isolation of affected patients.
- Adherence: The degree to which nurses follow established isolation precautions in their clinical practice.
- Communicable diseases: Infectious diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another, such as tuberculosis, COVID-19, and influenza.
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